Bence-Jones protein (BJP)
BJP is a paraprotein immunoglobulin free Kappa or Lambda light chain produced by neoplastic plasma cells. Light chains can be immunoglobulin fragments or single homogenous immunoglobulins. They are found in urine as they are small and hence easily cleared by the kidneys.
Approximately 20% of cases of myeloma do not have a detectable intact immunoglobulin. It is recommended that serum protein electrophoresis and serum free light chains (sFLC) are used to determine the presence of a paraprotein, which may indicate possible myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (NG35, Myeloma UK, ALM guidance).
BJP is no longer recommended as a frontline test for paraproteinaemia. Do not use serum protein electrophoresis, sFLC or BJP alone to exclude a diagnosis of myeloma.
BJP analysis may prove useful where there are marginally increases/decreases in the serum free light chain ratio. Consider measurement of BJP in cases of AL amyloidosis. 24 hour collections are usually more informative.
BJP analysis may prove useful where there are marginally increases/decreases in the serum free light chain ratio. Consider measurement of BJP in cases of AL amyloidosis.
Qualitative test (positive/negative)
Please note that random urine Bence Jones Protein is not routinely available for the screening of paraproteinaemia. Instead please use serum electrophoresis with serum free light chains as per NG35.
Outside of Haematology and Renal departments Bence Jones protein will not be analysed. If it is still required, please contact the Protein lab via the generic email address: imperial.proteinlabqueries@nhs.net.
Acidified samples are unsuitable for this assay.
Record last updated
August 14, 2025
Sample Container
24hr Urine Bottle (Plain label)
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NWLP operates UKAS accredited medical laboratories as per the references below. The current scope of accreditation for all NWLP’s laboratories can be found on the UKAS website.
UKAS accredited medical laboratory/medical diagnostic service:
- Clinical Biochemistry No. 8673
- Haematology and Blood Transfusion No. 8674
- Infection & Immunity Sciences (Including Immunology, Virology, Microbiology and Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics ) No. 8659
- Cellular Pathology (Including Histopathology, Cytology and Molecular Pathology) No. 9615
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Our accreditations
Upholding excellence in diagnostic standards
Our laboratories are accredited by the UK Accreditation Service (UKAS) against the international standard ISO15189:2022. UKAS is the accreditation body for the UK that assesses medical laboratories.
Find out more about our accreditations on the UKAS website.
UKAS website