Citrate
| Category | Biochemistry |
|---|---|
| Test background |
Citrate is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In urine it forms soluble complexes with cations such as Ca++, Mg++ and Fe++, thus inhibiting urinary crystallisation and stone formation. Low levels of urinary citrate excretion (<1.0 mmol/24 h) may be found in patients with distal renal tubular acidosis, malabsorption syndrome and urinary tract infection. |
| Clinical Indications |
Monitoring therapy for renal stones |
| Reference range | See report |
| Sample & container required | Random urine sample in universal container or 24 hour urine collection (acidified optional) |
| Sample volume | Random urine: 8 mL or 24 hour urine collection |
| Turnaround time | Up to 6 weeks |
| Notes | May be done on the same sample as oxalate. |